Identification and Clinical Characteristics of Community-Acquired Acinetobacter baumannii in Patients Hospitalized for Moderate or Severe COVID-19 in Peru.

Acinetobacter baumannii has been described as a cause of serious community-acquired infections in tropical countries. Currently, its implications when simultaneously identified with other pathogens are not yet adequately understood. A descriptive study was conducted on hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of moderate/severe SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia confirmed via real-time RT-PCR. Patients aged > 18 years who were admitted to a specialized COVID-19 treatment center in Peru were selected for enrollment. A. baumannii was detected via the PCR amplification of the blaOXA-51 gene obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs within 48 h of hospitalization. A total of 295 patients with COVID-19 who met the study inclusion criteria were enrolled. A. baumannii was simultaneously identified in 40/295 (13.5%) of COVID-19-hospitalized patients. Demographic data and comorbidities were comparable in both Acinetobacter-positive and -negative subgroups. However, patients identified as being infected with Acinetobacter were more likely to have received outpatient antibiotics prior to hospitalization, had a higher requirement for high-flow nasal cannula and a higher subjective incidence of fatigue, and were more likely to develop Acinetobacter-induced pneumonia during hospitalization. Conclusions: The group in which SARS-CoV-2 and A. baumannii were simultaneously identified had a higher proportion of fatigue, a higher frequency of requiring a high-flow cannula, and a higher proportion of superinfection with the same microorganism during hospitalization.

An Emergent Change in Epidemiologic and Microbiological Characteristics of Bloodstream Infections in Adults With Febrile Neutropenia Resulting From Chemotherapy for Acute Leukemia and Lymphoma at Reference Centers in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru.

Background: Febrile neutropenia is a life-threatening condition commonly observed in patients with hematologic malignancies. The aim of this article is to provide updated knowledge about bloodstream infections in febrile neutropenia episodes within the Andean region of Latin America. Method: This retrospective study was based in 6 hospitals in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru and included adult patients with acute leukemia or lymphoma and febrile neutropenia between January 2019 and December 2020. Results: Of the 416 febrile neutropenia episodes, 38.7% had a bloodstream infection, 86% of which were caused by gram-negative rods, with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most frequently identified bacteria. K pneumoniae isolates were more frequently resistant than E coli to cefotaxime (65% vs 39.6%), piperacillin-tazobactam (56.7% vs 27.1%), and imipenem (35% vs 2.1%) and were more frequently multidrug resistant (61.7% vs 12.5%). Among P aeruginosa, 26.7% were resistant to ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and imipenem, and 23.3% were multidrug resistant. Overall 30-day mortality was 19.8%, being higher with vs without a bloodstream infection (26.7% vs 15.3%, P = .005). Fever duration was also significantly longer, as well as periods of neutropenia and length of hospital stay for patients with bloodstream infection. Additionally, the 30-day mortality rate was higher for episodes with inappropriate vs appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy (41.2% vs 26.6%, P = .139). Conclusions: Considering the high rates of bacteria-resistant infection and 30-day mortality, it is imperative to establish strategies that reduce the frequency of bloodstream infections, increasing early identification of patients at higher risks of multidrug bacteria resistance, and updating existing empirical antibiotic recommendations.

Impact of Adding a Rapid PCR-Based Blood Culture Identification Panel to the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program of Patients with Febrile Neutropenia in a Peruvian Referral Hospital.

The addition of Biofire® FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification panel 2 (BCID2) to the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) could improve outcomes in bloodstream infections (BSI) of patients with febrile neutropenia (FN). A pre- and post-quasi-experimental single-center study was conducted at a reference hospital in Peru. Three groups were considered: patients with BSI before ASP intervention (control group), patients with BSI after ASP intervention (group 1), and patients with BSI after ASP intervention plus BCID2 PCR Panel implementation (group 2). Overall, 93 patients were identified (32 control, 30 group 1, 31 group 2). The median time to effective therapy was significantly shorter in group 2 compared to group 1 and control group, respectively (3.75 vs. 10 h, p = 0.004; 3.75 vs. 19 h, p < 0.001). No significant differences in terms of relapse of bacteremia, in-hospital mortality (all cause), and 30-day-all-cause hospital readmission between the three study periods were found. The appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial use, adding or change, and the following de-escalation or discontinuation was significant when the two intervention periods were compared with the control group (p < 0.001). In addition to the lack of local studies documenting the microbiological profile of FN episodes, adding syndromic panels-based testing could allow for the consolidation of ASP strategies.

Identification of Coinfections by Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Peru: Molecular Diagnosis and Clinical Characteristics.

The impact of respiratory coinfections in COVID-19 is still not well understood despite the growing evidence that consider coinfections greater than expected. A total of 295 patients older than 18 years of age, hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of moderate/severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection (according to definitions established by the Ministry of Health of Peru) were enrolled during the study period. A coinfection with one or more respiratory pathogens was detected in 154 (52.2%) patients at hospital admission. The most common coinfections were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (28.1%), Chlamydia pneumoniae (8.8%) and with both bacteria (11.5%); followed by Adenovirus (1.7%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae/Adenovirus (0.7%), Chlamydia pneumoniae/Adenovirus (0.7%), RSV-B/Chlamydia pneumoniae (0.3%) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae/Chlamydia pneumoniae/Adenovirus (0.3%). Expectoration was less frequent in coinfected individuals compared to non-coinfected (5.8% vs. 12.8%). Sepsis was more frequent among coinfected patients than non-coinfected individuals (33.1% vs. 20.6%) and 41% of the patients who received macrolides empirically were PCR-positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae.

First Clinical Cases of OXA-48-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Peru / Primeros casos clínicos de infecciones por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de OXA-48 en Perú

Background: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae(CPE) represents a global public health concern and systemic infectionsassociatedwithOXA-48 carbapenemase are increasingly being reported in Latin America. Here, we present the first 2 cases of systemic infections by OXA-48-ProducingKlebsiellapneumoniaein Peru. A favorable clinical response was observed after targeted treatment with colistin as a backbone.

Introducción: Las enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas (EPC) representan un problema de salud pública y cada vez hay más reportes de infecciones sistémicas asociadas con la carbapenemasa OXA-48 en America Latina. Presentamos los primeros 2 casos de infecciones sistémicas por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de OXA-48 en Perú. Se observó una respuesta clínica favorable luego del tratamiento dirigido con colistina como base.

Antibiotic Consumption and Its Relationship with Bacterial Resistance Profiles in ESKAPE Pathogens in a Peruvian Hospital.

A descriptive design was carried out studying the correlation between antimicrobial consumption and resistance profiles of ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) in a Peruvian hospital, including the surgical, clinical areas and the intensive care unit (ICU) during the time period between 2015 and 2018. There was a significant correlation between using ceftazidime and the increase of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolations (R = 0.97; p < 0.05) and the resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam in Enterobacter spp. and ciprofloxacin usage (R = 0.97; p < 0.05) in the medical wards. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin in the intensive care unit (ICU) had a significant reduction from 2015 to 2018 (67% vs. 28.6%, 65% vs. 34.9%, p < 0.001). These findings give valuable information about the rates and dynamics in the relationship between antibiotic usage and antimicrobial resistance patterns in a Peruvian hospital and reinforce the need for continuous support and assessment of antimicrobial stewardship strategies, including microbiological indicators and antimicrobial consumption patterns.

Bacteremia due to Ralstonia mannitolilytica: A report of the first case in Peru. / Bacteremia por Ralstonia mannitolilytica: primer reporte de caso en Perú.

The first report of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bacteremia in Peru is presented. The patient was a pediatric cancer patient with a long-term central venous access device. For the diagnosis, the MicroScan Walk Away 96 automated system was used. 16S rDNA was amplified by conventional PCR, and the bacterial genus and species were identified by genetic sequencing. In addition, the bacterial resistance profile to major antimicrobials was determined. The article discusses the need to actively monitor Ralstonia mannitolilytica, especially in hospital areas of immunocompromised patients.

Se presenta el primer reporte de una bacteriemia por Ralstonia mannitolilytica en Perú. Se trata de un paciente pediátrico con cáncer que porta un dispositivo de acceso venoso central de larga duración. Para establecer el diagnóstico, se utilizó el sistema automático MicroScan Walk Away 96. Se amplificó el rADN 16S mediante PCR convencional y se identificó el género y la especie bacteriana mediante secuenciación genética. Además, se determinó el perfil de resistencia bacteriana a los principales antimicrobianos. El artículo discute la necesidad de monitorizar activamente la presencia de Ralstonia mannitolilytica, especialmente en áreas hospitalarias de pacientes inmunodeprimidos.

Uso racional de antimicrobianos en tiempos de COVID-19 en Perú: rol de los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos e intervenciones desde el punto de vista de control de infecciones

La resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM) es una pandemia adicional de lenta evolución que precede a la pandemia de COVID-19 y continuará cuando esta termine. Sin embargo, en países como Perú, donde existe un alto consumo y prescripción inadecuada de antimicrobianos, puede pasar desapercibida y se puede esperar, en el futuro, un escenario más desafiante. Los programas de optimización de uso de antimicrobianos (PROA) son equipos multidisciplinarios de profesionales que tienen como objetivo retardar la aparición de organismos multirresistentes a través de estrategias como la auditoría de prescripciones o la creación de algoritmos de tratamiento antimicrobiano basados en las tasas locales de RAM. La dificultad en el diagnóstico oportuno de coinfecciones o superinfecciones en el curso clínico y progresión de la COVID-19 predisponen al uso inadecuado de antimicrobianos, lo que obliga a los PROA a adaptar sus estrategias en este panorama cambiante. En Latinoamérica, los PROA no solo tienen que fomentar el cambio de comportamiento en los prescriptores de antimicrobianos, sino también luchar contra la epidemia de información falsa (infodemia) y las campañas de desinformación sobre la COVID-19. Además, la pobre cultura local de prevención y control de infecciones obliga a revisar estrategias para mitigar el impacto posterior en la RAM.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an additional slow-evolving pandemic that precedes the COVID-19 pandemic and will continue when it ends. However, in countries like Peru, where high consumption and inadequate prescription of antimicrobials occur, AMR may go unnoticed and a more challenging future scenario can be expected. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) consist of multidisciplinary teams of professionals that aim to slow down the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms through strategies such as prescription auditing or creation of antimicrobial treatment guidelines based on local AMR rates. The difficulty in the timely diagnosis of co-infections or superinfections in the clinical course and progression of COVID-19 leads to inappropriate use of antimicrobials, forcing ASPs to adapt their strategies in this changing scenario. In Latin America, ASPs not only have to promote behavior change in antimicrobial prescribers but also fight the epidemic of false information (infodemic) and disinformation campaigns on COVID-19. Furthermore, poor-quality infection prevention and control principles require evaluating strategies to mitigate the subsequent impact on AMR.

Liver abscess caused by Candida haemulonii var. vulnera. First case report in Peru.

BACKGROUND: Liver abscesses caused by Candida species are mainly found in immunocompromised hosts, associated with conditions (such as neutropenia and mucositis) that facilitate the spreading of microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a non-immunocompromised 72-year-old woman with a liver abscess caused by Candida haemulonii var. vulnera, in whom potential associated conditions could be polycystic kidney disease and renal replacement therapy. The patient experienced clinical resolution after percutaneous drainage and treatment with caspofungin. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Peru of a liver abscess due to Candida haemulonii var. vulnera, a clinical presentation that has not been described previously. This finding should prompt us to establish active surveillance of causal agents of systemic candidiasis.

[Antimicrobial Stewardship programs in Peru: A fundamental agreement]. / Programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos en Perú: Un acuerdo sobre lo fundamental.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to public health. Antibiotic stewardship programs (AMSP) promote the proper use of antimicrobials, improve clinical and economic outcomes, and helps containing the AMR. AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic phase of the AMS programs and early implementation of AMS at three high complexity hospitals that belong to the social security system in Peru. METHODS: A quasi-experimental multicenter study was implemented. The construction of the AMSP, microbiological baselines, antimicrobial consumption and consensus on AMS activities were evaluated at the diagnosis and early implementation periods of the AMSP. RESULTS: Following implementation, hospitals doubled their score of resources and processes available for the AMS program from 6.75 to 13.75. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteria was 50-60% while Pseudomonas aeruginosa averaged 69% resistance to carbapenems. The defined daily dose (DDD) of ceftriaxone was 13.63, vancomycin 7.35 and meropenem 6.73 in average. Hospitals A and C decreased the use of antimicrobials (30-50%). DISCUSSION: The implementation of the AMSP in the three hospitals was achieved through diverse strategies designed by multidisciplinary teams, which in addition to its articulation, reduce the consumption of broad spectrum antimicrobials at an early stage.

Programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos en Perú: un acuerdo sobre lo fundamental / Antimicrobial Stewardship programs in Peru: a fundamental agreement

Resumen Introducción: La resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM) es una amenaza para la salud pública mundial. Los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos (PROAs) son programas que promueven su adecuado uso, mejoran los resultados clínicos, económicos y contribuyen a contener la RAM. Objetivos: Evaluar las fases de diagnóstico e implementación temprana de los PROAs en tres hospitales de alta complejidad pertenecientes al Sistema de Seguridad Social del Perú. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, cuasi experimental. La estructuración de los programas, las líneas de base microbiológicas, el consumo de antimicrobianos y los consensos fueron evaluadas durante los períodos de diagnóstico inicial y durante la implementación temprana de los PROAs. Resultados: Con posterioridad a la implementación, los hospitales duplicaron la puntuación de recursos disponibles para los programas (6,75 vs 13,75). La prevalencia de enterobacterias portadoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido era de 50-60%, mientras que la resistencia a carbapenémicos en Pseudomonas aeruginosa promedió el 69%. La dosis diaria definida de ceftriaxona fue de 13,63, de 7,35 para vancomicina y 6,73 para meropenem en promedio. Los hospitales A y C disminuyeron el uso de antimicrobianos en 30 a 50%. Discusión: A través de estrategias diseñadas por equipos multidisciplinarios para implementar los PROAs, se logró disminuir tempranamente el consumo de antimicrobianos de amplio espectro.

Background. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to public health. Antibiotic stewardship programs (AMSP) promote the proper use of antimicrobials, improve clinical and economic outcomes, and helps containing the AMR. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic phase of the AMS programs and early implementation of AMS at three high complexity hospitals that belong to the social security system in Peru. Methods: A quasi-experimental multicenter study was implemented. The construction of the AMSP, microbiological baselines, antimicrobial consumption and consensus on AMS activities were evaluated at the diagnosis and early implementation periods of the AMSP. Results: Following implementation, hospitals doubled their score of resources and processes available for the AMS program from 6.75 to 13.75. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteria was 50-60% while Pseudomonas aeruginosa averaged 69% resistance to carbapenems. The defined daily dose (DDD) of ceftriaxone was 13.63, vancomycin 7.35 and meropenem 6.73 in average. Hospitals A and C decreased the use of antimicrobials (30-50%). Discussion: The implementation of the AMSP in the three hospitals was achieved through diverse strategies designed by multidisciplinary teams, which in addition to its articulation, reduce the consumption of broad spectrum antimicrobials at an early stage.

[Esophageal actinomycosis in patients with HIV infection]. / Actinomicosis esofágica en pacientes con infección por VIH.

Esophageal pathology is common in patients with HIV, frequently due to Candida, cytomegalovirus or herpes virus. However, esophageal actinomycosis is a rare infection, even in patients with HIV. We report the case of a 33-year-old male patient, with a recent diagnosis of HIV who was admitted for fever, odynophagia, dysphagia and retrosternal pain. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy evidenced multiple esophageal ulcers and the histopathological report of the esophageal biopsy described a chronic esophagitis with colonies of PAS positive bacilli, compatible with Actinomyces, initiating favorable antimicrobial therapy. Although it is an uncommon disease, about one-third of cases of esophageal actinomycosis occur in patients with HIV infection, and endoscopic biopsies are required to define diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

[Duodenal obstruction by Strongyloides stercoralis, an unusual complication]. / Obstrucción duodenal por Strongyloides stercoralis, una complicación inusual.

Strongyloidiasis is a neglected disease in Latin America. Gastrointestinal manifestations are nonspecific and duodenal obstruction is a rare complication. Here we present the case of a 31-year-old male from the central jungle of Peru, admitted due to a high intestinal obstruction, with duodenal ulcers and stenosis evidenced in the upper endoscopy. The histopathological report revealed presence of larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. Clinical and endoscopic follow up were favorable with ivermectin treatment. There are near 20 reported cases of duodenal obstruction due to S. stercoralis. Additionally, infection by HTLV-1 was confirmed, being this a frequent association.

Actinomicosis esofágica en pacientes con infección por VIH / Esophageal actinomycosis in patients with HIV infection

La patología esofágica es común en pacientes con VIH, frecuentemente debido a Candida, citomegalovirus o virus herpes simple. Sin embargo, la actinomicosis esofágica es una infección rara, incluso en pacientes con infección VIH. Reportamos el caso en un paciente varón de 33 años, con diagnóstico reciente de VIH que acudió a consulta por fiebre, odinofagia, disfagia y dolor retroesternal. La endoscopia digestiva alta evidenció múltiples úlceras esofágicas y el informe histopatológico de la biopsia esofágica describió una esofagitis crónica con presencia de colonias de bacilos PAS positivos, compatibles con Actinomyces, iniciando tratamiento antimicrobiano con evolución favorable. Aunque es una enfermedad no común, cerca de un tercio de los casos de actinomicosis esofágica se presentan en pacientes con infección VIH, y es preciso el estudio endoscópico con toma de biopsia para definir el diagnóstico y manejo apropiado.

Esophageal pathology is common in patients with HIV, frequently due to Candida, cytomegalovirus or herpes virus. However, esophageal actinomycosis is a rare infection, even in patients with HIV. We report the case of a 33-year-old male patient, with a recent diagnosis of HIV who was admitted for fever, odynophagia, dysphagia and retrosternal pain. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy evidenced multiple esophageal ulcers and the histopathological report of the esophageal biopsy described a chronic esophagitis with colonies of PAS positive bacilli, compatible with Actinomyces, initiating favorable antimicrobial therapy. Although it is an uncommon disease, about one-third of cases of esophageal actinomycosis occur in patients with HIV infection, and endoscopic biopsies are required to define diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Obstrucción duodenal por Strongyloides stercoralis, una complicación inusual / Duodenal obstruction by Strongyloides stercoralis, an unusual complication

Resumen La estrongiloidiasis es una enfermedad desatendida en Latinoamérica. Las manifestaciones gastrointestinales son inespecíficas y la obstrucción duodenal es una complicación infrecuente. Presentamos el caso clínico de un varón de 31 años, procedente de la selva central de Perú, que ingresó por una obstrucción intestinal alta, con úlceras y una estenosis duodenal evidenciadas en la endoscopia digestiva alta. El informe histopatológico reveló la presencia de larvas de Strongyloides stercoralis. La evolución clínica y endoscópica fueron favorables con el tratamiento con ivermectina. Existen poco más de 20 casos publicados de obstrucción duodenal por S. stercoralis. Adicionalmente, se confirmó una infección por HTLV-1, asociación descrita frecuente.

Strongyloidiasis is a neglected disease in Latin America. Gastrointestinal manifestations are nonspecific and duodenal obstruction is a rare complication. Here we present the case of a 31-year-old male from the central jungle of Peru, admitted due to a high intestinal obstruction, with duodenal ulcers and stenosis evidenced in the upper endoscopy. The histopathological report revealed presence of larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. Clinical and endoscopic follow up were favorable with ivermectin treatment. There are near 20 reported cases of duodenal obstruction due to S. stercoralis. Additionally, infection by HTLV-1 was confirmed, being this a frequent association.

Leucemia/Linfoma de células T del adulto y criptococosis sistémica: Reporte de dos casos en un hospital peruano / Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and systemic cryptococcosis: report of two cases in a Peruvian hospital

La leucemia/linfoma de células T adulto (LLCTA) es una neoplasia linfoide causada por el virus linfotrópico humano de células T tipo 1 (HTLV-1), retrovirus endémico en nuestro país. Tiene una presentación heterogénea, con variedades de pobre pronóstico e infecciones oportunistas que lo ensombrecen aún más. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes con variedades agresivas de la enfermedad (aguda y linfomatosa) complicadas con criptococosis sistémica. Reforzamos la necesidad de un enfoque diagnóstico completo y un monitoreo continuo de agentes oportunistas en el paciente con LLCTA adaptado a nuestro contexto epidemiológico

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a lymphoid neoplasm caused by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), an endemic retrovirus in our country. It has a heterogeneous presentation, with sub types of poor prognosis, and opportunistic infections that worsen the prognosis. We present two cases with aggressive varieties of the disease (acute and lymphomatous) complicated by systemic cryptococcosis. It is necessary to conduct a complete diagnostic approach and continuous monitoring of opportunistic agents in patients with ATL adapted to our epidemiological context.

[Invasive Fusariosis: Report of Three Cases in Peru]. / Fusariosis invasiva: reporte de tres casos en Perú.

Fusarium species are a group of fungi that cause superficial infections, locally invasive and disseminated disease, which occur mainly in immunocompromised hosts, and occasionally in immunocompetent individuals. We present three cases that show three different clinical forms of Fusarium spp. disease that affected different types of patients (patients with hematological malignancy, chronic kidney disease in peritoneal dialysis and post-surgical for osteoarticular pathology), each with its own characteristics that merit discussion. These cases show different clinical forms of invasive fusariosis caused by Fusarium solani complex species in patients with different pathologies and therapeutic management that could be risk factors for the development of the disease. The clinical recognition of fusariosis, not only in oncohematological patients, together with a timely diagnosis and treatment contribute to the success of the treatment and a reduction in mortality.

Las especies de Fusarium son un grupo de hongos que causan infecciones superficiales, localmente invasivas y enfermedad diseminada, que ocurren principalmente en huéspedes inmunocomprometidos, y ocasionalmente en individuos inmunocompetentes. Presentamos tres casos que ponen en manifiesto tres diferentes formas clínicas de la enfermedad por Fusarium spp., que afectaron diversos tipos de pacientes (pacientes con malignidad hematológica, enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis peritoneal y post-quirúrgico por patología osteoarticular), cada una con características propias que ameritan su discusión. Estos casos ponen de manifiesto diferentes formas clínicas de fusariosis invasiva causadas por especies del complejo Fusarium solani en pacientes con diferentes patologías y manejo terapéutico que podrían ser factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. El reconocimiento clínico de la Fusariosis, no solo en pacientes oncohematólogicos, junto con un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno contribuyen al éxito del tratamiento y a una reducción en la mortalidad.

Fusariosis invasiva: reporte de tres casos en Perú / Invasive Fusariosis: Report of Three Cases in Peru

RESUMEN Las especies de Fusarium son un grupo de hongos que causan infecciones superficiales, localmente invasivas y enfermedad diseminada, que ocurren principalmente en huéspedes inmunocomprometidos, y ocasionalmente en individuos inmunocompetentes. Presentamos tres casos que ponen en manifiesto tres diferentes formas clínicas de la enfermedad por Fusarium spp., que afectaron diversos tipos de pacientes (pacientes con malignidad hematológica, enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis peritoneal y post-quirúrgico por patología osteoarticular), cada una con características propias que ameritan su discusión. Estos casos ponen de manifiesto diferentes formas clínicas de fusariosis invasiva causadas por especies del complejo Fusarium solani en pacientes con diferentes patologías y manejo terapéutico que podrían ser factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. El reconocimiento clínico de la Fusariosis, no solo en pacientes oncohematólogicos, junto con un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno contribuyen al éxito del tratamiento y a una reducción en la mortalidad.

ABSTRACT Fusarium species are a group of fungi that cause superficial infections, locally invasive and disseminated disease, which occur mainly in immunocompromised hosts, and occasionally in immunocompetent individuals. We present three cases that show three different clinical forms of Fusarium spp. disease that affected different types of patients (patients with hematological malignancy, chronic kidney disease in peritoneal dialysis and post-surgical for osteoarticular pathology), each with its own characteristics that merit discussion. These cases show different clinical forms of invasive fusariosis caused by Fusarium solani complex species in patients with different pathologies and therapeutic management that could be risk factors for the development of the disease. The clinical recognition of fusariosis, not only in oncohematological patients, together with a timely diagnosis and treatment contribute to the success of the treatment and a reduction in mortality.